30 Seconds Summary
Is spinal flexion actually dangerous when squatting or deadlifting?

  • Spinal flexion under load, such as during squats and deadlifts, increases shearing stresses on the spine, potentially increasing injury risk.
  • Traditional advice emphasizes a neutral spine to minimize these stresses, supported by biomechanical studies and limited data from living humans.
  • However, Total absence of evidence in living humans lifting heavy weights means that the debate over safe lifting technique continues.
  • Some studies suggest that instructing manual laborers to maintain a neutral spine doesn’t significantly reduce injury rates, while others see benefits.
  • Pain science research suggests pain is a complex experience not directly correlating with tissue damage, impacting our understanding of back pain.
  • Anecdotal observations from coaches generally support the theory that less spinal flexion during heavy lifting leads to fewer injuries.
  • Despite some arguments against strict spinal neutrality, maintaining a less flexed spine is generally seen as safer and more effective for heavy lifting.

Track & Plan Workouts
with Ease

  • Unlimited workout logs
  • Automatic volume tracking
  • Personalized programs
  • RPE support, rest timer, and more!
WorkoutWise Screenshot

Read Next

Should You Fear Lumbar Flexion?

This article is a complete guide to lumbar flexion in lifting. We’ll cover neutral vs. flexion and research on how dangerous (or not) flexion really is.

Stronger By Science

Sam Spinelli

The Importance of the Lats in the Deadlift

Despite the importance of the lats in the deadlift, their role is often misunderstood. Once you understand their function, it’s easier to use them optimally

Stronger By Science

Greg Nuckols

The Comprehensive Core Training Guide

Your core muscles serve a pivotal function, and targeting these muscles can transfer to enhanced performance in a variety of lifts.

Stronger By Science

Cameron Gill

The Belt Bible

Whether or not to use a lifting belt is a highly contentious subject. What effects do belts actually have, and who should (and shouldn’t) use them?

Stronger By Science

Greg Nuckols

Sumo vs Conventional Deadlift: How Should You Deadlift?

Is one variation of the deadlift inherently easier? And how do you know if you’re better suited for conventional or sumo deadlift? Find out.

Stronger By Science

Greg Nuckols